Twinearth Thought Experiment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Twinearth Thought Experiment - Term Paper Example Productivity never implies regularity and prosperity is at least as indistinct as productivity1. The conventional policy that states that the idea of meaning owns the extension or intension of ambiguity with definite normal effects has been tackled. The most conventional philosophers believed that the ideas as something psychological. Therefore, the doctrine that the explanation of a word implying the intellect of intention is that a concept was tagged along with the insinuation that meanings are psychological entities. Nevertheless, getting these nonconcrete individuals was still a personal mental act. None of these theorists distrusted that understanding a term knowing its intention. Taking mental state to be explanation of would hardly have the effect that the theorists would stop from being perceived by the community2. As a result, the twin earth thought experiment was carried out as a study that every word associated with the psychological states of two individuals with resembli ng specific list of attributes. It indicates that the mental state does not determine the extension of a word. The issue that this experiment is meant to resolve the idea of definitions of English words is the idea of implications of English words. This experiment presumes that somewhere in the universe there is a planet identical to earth known as Twin Earth. The idea behind this study with the aim of yielding of similar findings to the assumptions of previous philosophers will be tried out in the following report. II. Introduction The experiment outlined a timeworn example of two phrases â€Å"creature with a kidney† and a â€Å"creature with a heart† does indicate that two words could have the same extension lead and yet vary in intention. Nevertheless, it was perceived to be apparent that the reverse is unlikely: two words cannot vary in extension and have a similar intension. Interestingly, no argument for this unfeasibility was ever provided. Perhaps it mirrors t he culture of the ancient and medieval theorists who presumed that the idea matching to a word was simply a joint of establishment3. Therefore, that the idea matching a word is supposed to consistently give an essential and adequate condition for falling into the extension of the word is supportive. The optimistic theorists were perfectly happy to sustain the conventional view on this point. Therefore, the definition came to rest in two unconfined presumptions: Realizing that the word is a simple matter of being in a definite matter in a definite mental state, in the sense of mental state that states of retention and mental dispositions are mental states. The description of a word in the sense of intension determines its extension in the sense that sameness of intension entails similarity of extension4. The following report shall mainly argue the two presumptions not jointly contented by whichever idea. The conventional concept of meaning is an idea which rests on a false assumption . III. The Mental state and technical solipsism The repot clarified the conventional idea of a mental state. In a single sense, a state is just a two-place predicate whose arguments are discrete and a period. Scientifically, it is normal to constraint the word state to assets that are described in terms of the limits of the person. They are usually fundamental from the perspective of the provided science. Therefore, being five feet tall in this case is a state from the physics perspective5. Being in

Natural Science Essay Example for Free

Natural Science Essay The relevance of this test question is to determine which brand of leading paper towels is the best most absorbent. Consumers want to use the product that is most effective at meeting their needs. A more expensive product may actually be more cost effective if you can use less of it than a brand that costs less. Literature Review Many experiments have been conducted to test the strength and absorbency of paper towels. While the steps of the experiment vary from test to test, all of experiments are testing the same two factors; how much water can each paper towel brand absorb and how strong are each of the paper towels. Below I have reviewed the process and results from three experiments that are similar to the one I will be using. In the first experiment, the tester uses five brands of paper towels to test for absorbency, using paper towels of the same size to ensure the accuracy of the results. He draws a two inch circle in the center of a sheet of paper towel from each brand represented and placing the paper towel in an embroidery hoop to maintain stability. He then drops fifteen drops of water into the center of the circle draw on the paper towel, repeating the process for each brand, and measures the amount of time it takes the paper towel to wick the moisture outside of the circle. This test concludes that Bounty has the greatest absorbency. The next experiment tests for both absorbency and strength. As in the first test, several different brands of paper towels were used. In this experiment, to test the absorbency, the tester takes a sheet of each of the towels an inserts it into a glass with two ounces of water and leaves each sit for twenty seconds. After the twenty seconds expired, the tester removed the paper towel from the glass and rang out each paper towel into a measuring cup to see how much water each towel had absorbed. The second part of the experiment is conducted by stretching sheets of each paper towel through an embroidery hoop, placing 25 pennies in the center of the paper towel, and adding water to the towel drop by drop until the pennies fall through. The strongest paper towel in this test was Brawny Brand. The final experiment that I reviewed also tested for absorbency. The theory behind this experiment was the faster that water moves through the towel, the more absorbent it is. The experimenter cut strips from each paper towel, one inch wide and six inches long. A mark is drawn on each paper towel one inch from the end using a waterproof marker. The strip is then held in a glass of water with the bottom inch submerged, timing how long it takes for the water to travel the length of the strip. The process is then repeated for each brand that is being tested. The most absorbent brand in this test was Brawny. Experimental Design A. Steps in Experimental Procedure The absorbency of the towels will be tested by the speed the water moves through the paper towels, the faster the water moves, the more absorbent the towel is. I will be using the following brands of paper towels in my experiment: Brawny, Bounty, Sparkle and Scott. Other supplies necessary to complete the experiment are: a waterproof marker, and a sixteen-ounce glass of water, and a timer that registers tenths of a second. 1. Prepare three samples of paper towel from each brand by cutting strips of each that is 2 inches wide and six inches long. 2. Using a water-proof marker, draw a line across each paper towel one inch from the bottom. 3. Fill a sixteen ounce glass with water and prepare timer. 4. Take the first strip of paper towel and submerge it up to the line in the glass of water while holding it vertical to the glass while starting the timer. 5. Allow the timer to run until the water is absorbed through the paper towel and reaches the end of the towel not submerged. 6. Stop the timer and record the time in tenths of seconds. 7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for all three strips of each brand. B. Reasoning for Choosing my Experimental Design Plan The reason I chose this design for my experiment is because it seemed to be more accurate than other testing methods I found during my literature review and could be performed with items I already had in my home. The experiment where the tester rang out the paper towels and measure the water that they had absorbed is less accurate because there is no guarantee of exerting the same amount of force each time you ring out a towel. There is no way to completely drain the towel of all of the liquid it absorbed. Stretching the paper towel samples across the embroidery frame is sound way to perform the experiment but it would have required the purchase of additional materials. C. Sequence of Events to Collect Quantitative Data I will begin the collection of quantitative data by cutting the paper towel samples from each brand into strips that are one inch wide by six inches long, to ensure that all of the samples will be equal. I will use the same glass of water for each test to ensure the water composition is the same for each test. I have created a spreadsheet in excel with a column listing each of the brands being tested and three columns for the time in tenths of a second to be entered upon completion of the experiment. During the experiment, I will make notes on a tablet of the brand name and the time recorded to be entered into the spreadsheet upon completion of the entire experiment. D. Describe Tools, Technologies, and Measurement Units that are used to Collect the Data To collect the data for this experiment I will use one inch wide by six inch long strips of paper towel from each of the brands being tested, a black water-proof marker to mark the strips of paper towel, an eight ounce glass of water, my hand to hold the strip vertical to the glass once submerged as indicated in the experimental procedure, a timer that measures tenths of a second, and a pad and pencil to record the initial results. Once the experiment is complete I will transfer the results of the experiments to the spreadsheet that I have created using Microsoft Excel. I will also use excel to create the graphic representation of the experiment results. Dependent, Independent and Controlled Variables of the Experiment The independent variable in my paper towel experiment is the one inch by six inch strip of paper towel taken from a roll of each brand of paper towel used in the experiment. The dependent variable in the experiment is the amount of time it takes the water to travel the length of the strip of paper towel measured in tenths of a second. The controlled variables of the experiment are using the same glass of water, same size sample of paper towel, and same timer for each test in the experiment. Threat Reduction to Internal Validity To reduce internal threats to validity I will use the same size piece of each paper towel from each brand for each test to conduct the experiment, marking each piece with a line at exactly one inch from the bottom. I will use the same water sample to ensure the liquid being absorbed by each sample strip is identical; the same timer will be used for each test to ensure the accuracy of the time recorded for each test. I will also monitor my results for outliers in the time required to absorb the water through each test towel to ensure the results are valid for each test. Hypothesis The sample of Bounty paper towels will soak up the water through the length of paper towel faster than the other brands because it is thicker than the other brands being tested. I have arrived at this conclusion because the dual layers of towel that are present in the sample of Bounty create a greater surface to absorb water. The other brands are much thinner and have less thickness to soak up water.

The Degradation of Communication on the Internet Essays -- Communicati

The Degradation of Communication on the Internet Talking on the Internet, people regress. It's that simple. It can be one-to-one talk on e-mail or many-to-many talk on one of the LISTs or newsgroups. People regress, expressing sex and aggression as they never would face to face. Think about it. Current estimates say 23 million people communicate on the Internet from most of the nations on the globe, and that number is increasing at 12% a month. And all this just grew like Topsy, with no one planning or controlling it. Here is one of the extraordinary technological achievements, one of the great _human_ achievements, of our century. But _homo sapiens_ reverts to primitive, childish behavior. Why? There are three major signs or, if you will, symptoms of this regression. The one Internet primitivism that everybody talks about is "flaming," flying into a typewritten rage at some perceived slight or blunder. "Everywhere I went in the newsgroups," writes John Seabrook in _The New Yorker_, "I found flames, and fear of flames" (1994, 70). No wonder. Seabrook had written a friendly piece on Bill Gates, the powerful president of Microsoft. In the "profile," he made a point of the way he and Gates conducted their interview on e-mail. This is what appeared on Seabrook's screen (courtesy of a certain computer columnist): Crave THIS, asshole: Listen, you toadying dipshit scumbag . . . remove your head from your rectum long enough to look around and notice that real reporters don't fawn over their subjects, pretend that their subjects are making some sort of special contact with them, or, worse, curry favor by TELLING their subjects how great the ass- licking profile is going to turn out and then brag in print about doing it... ...m.nerdc.ufl.edu_ 31 May 1994. Span, Paula. "The On-line Mystique." _Washington Post Magazine_ 27 Feb. 1994, W11. Sproull, Lee, and Sara Kiesler. _Connections: New Ways of Working in the Networked Organization_. Cambridge MA: MIT P, 1991. Turkle, Sherry. _The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit_. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984. Walker, Donna. Letter. _Washington Post Magazine_ 17 Apr. 1994, W3. Waterton, J. J., and J. C. Duffy. "A Comparison of Computer Interviewing Techniques and Traditional Methods in the Collection of Self-report Alcohol Consumption Data in a Field Study." _International Statistical Review_ 52 (1984): 173-82. Weizenbaum, Joseph. _Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation_. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1976. Wright, Robert. "Journey Through Cyberspace." _Ottawa Citizen_ 18 Sep. 1993, B4.

Emersons Transcedentalist Beliefs Essay -- essays research papers fc

Every so often throughout history, great doers and thinkers come along that break the mold and set new standards. People like Caesar, Shakespeare, Napoleon and Jesus have been studied and immortalized in volumes of texts. Then there are others who are not as well known. People like Ralph Waldo Emerson. From his life, writings, associates, beliefs and philosophy, this Concord, Massachusetts man has set his place as a hero in American literature and philosophy (Bloom 13).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first, most important thing to mention about Ralph Waldo Emerson is that he was not a Transcendentalist philosopher (Bloom 1). Ralph Emerson was a poet, critic, essayist, and a believer of morals (Bloom 2). Many people look at what he wrote in his books and essays, and they took his ideas from his speeches and turned them into a way of life. His ideas and beliefs earned him the role as the chief spokesman for American Transcendentalism (Siepmann 300).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerson was a graduate from Harvard University. After his graduation, he became a minister. It was while he was a preacher that he began to think new ideas about life. The breakthrough for his new way of thinking came when he resigned from pasturing at the Second Church of Boston because e could not administer the Lord’s Supper (Hart 256).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sources of Emerson’s writings were from the early colonists, and he acknowledged them in his writings (Bloom 34). His writings were secular, and the readers of the era were sometimes scared by the lack of religious references and biblical texts in his writings. His writings were considered daring for his time, but they were moral (Unger 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tone of his work was focused on self-reliance and the problem of how to live. His writings provoked people to ask how instead of what and not we but I (Unger 1). Emerson’s essays spoke to people of the 19th century that were ready for individuality and a new optimism that liked God, nature, and man (Masterpieces 258).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His essays tell the importance of a man that goes on through life like he represents not only himself, but also every other person he sees and meets (Masterpieces 258). He used his writings to challenge traditional thought (Siepmann 300).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most consider his writings to... ...atest thinkers in American history (Masterpieces 258).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography Bloom, Harold. Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1985. Hart, James D. The Oxford Companion to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965, pp 255-257.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Masterpieces of World Literature. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1989, p 250. Meyerson, Joel. A Historical Guide To Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000 Siepmann, Katherine Baker. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1987, pp 300-301. Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Encyclopedia of Utopian Literature. Denver, CO: ABC-CLIO, 1995, p 515. Spiller, Robert E., et. al. Literary History of the United States. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1962, pp 351-387.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unger, Leonard. American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1974, pp 1-24.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wood, James Playsted. Trust Thyself: A Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson for the Young Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, 1964.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Tccc Business Strategy

This report is centered on research of The Coca Cola Company (Global) in the carbonated beverage market. Various methods and models of analysis were used in examining the company’s market position and determining its strategic competitive advantage. The Pestel model and Porter’s five forces model was used to identify the company’s opportunities and threats. The barriers to entry in the carbonated beverage market are really high which means that the threat of other companies successfully entering into the industry is low and this has been a big advantage for the company. Brand loyalty is another. People today in general are becoming increasingly aware of a healthier lifestyle in light of new information regarding nutrition and this has been a major threat to the company and the market in general. The Company’s strategic competitive advantage stems from its three main core competences. The manufacture and distribution system of its beverages (products), branding through marketing campaigns and the innovative nature of the company in its market are all major strengths. One thing special about the company is that it uses its resources in a way unique to its competitors and consumers see value in their product. The Coca Cola Company understands the clout of their stakeholders and they have set their strategic objectives to meet their individual demands. This message has been firmly implanted in the company’s mission statement. Coca cola competes on the basis of value added for customers. People will pay the premium over lesser brands for the coca cola product and this may be why they have chosen (from Porters model) a differentiation strategy. This has paid off for them. Their manufacturing and distribution system has been an effective business level strategy. The Coca Cola Company and its bottlers can work together to determine local responsiveness and produce products that best suit the local tastes in that particular geographical area. Amongst other business level strategies these two would have to be the most effective. The companies structure and systems lend there hands to the successful implementation of their planning. Without which it might not have its position within the carbonated beverage market today. Strategic Analysis External Analysis We looked at the external environment of the carbonated beverage industry using the pestel model and Porter’s five forces model to find the key trends or influences on the industry. People today in general are becoming increasingly aware of a healthier lifestyle in light of new information regarding nutrition. People are trying to eat and drink a lot healthier and as a result there has been an increase in market demand for drinks such as orange juice, water, and other healthier alternatives. This was once a threat to the business of The Coca – Cola Company. Instead they eliminated this threat through product diversification. As you may have seen The Coca – Cola Company has a product from most drink categories. The barriers to entry in the carbonated beverage market are really high which means that the threat of other companies successfully entering into the industry is low. Virgin once tried to enter into the industry with Virgin Cola and was unsuccessful because Coke and Pepsi were already too strong. The Coca Cola Company has already well established brand awareness and distribution channels and the production costs are also substantial in the industry. Creating brand awareness and achieving market acceptance is a very costly procedure, extensive market research needs to be undertaken to understand local tastes and preferences. The Coca Cola Company has arrangements with certain Fountain Outlets (MacDonald’s and Subway) who are contractually obliged to distribute only their drink product. There are many other fountain outlets that have existing contracts with one of the soft drink companies and this makes it harder for new entrants. The large quantity of marketing and propaganda has lead to increased brand loyalty and is a major strength for the Coca Cola Company. It has also lead to the brand Coca Cola being perceived as the premium Cola drink. The dominance of Coca Cola can be seen by the failure of the drink Virgin Cola. Because of the limited size of the market, the growth in market share of one brand will result in the decrease of another. The Coca – Cola Company has used the large amount of resources at their disposal to wage competitive war on PepsiCo and other brands and results have shown that they have come out on top. One of the major strengths of The Coca – Cola Company is its sheer size in the industry because of which it can effectively utilize economies of scale. TCCC concentration is on marketing the brand, new product development, researching future venture opportunities and warding off competition. Their operations take place in a very dynamic environment and therefore innovation is vital to their success. Internal Analysis The company as the leading brand of carbonated beverages has a number of core competencies which it utilizes to give it its strategic competitive advantage (SCA) in the market. The manufacture and distribution of non alcoholic beverages The process of manufacture and distribution of Coca Cola products is unique to the industry. The Coca Cola Company has different bottling partners throughout the globe which manufacture and bottle the final product which the end consumer ultimately receives. The Coca Cola Company produces the concentrates and syrups of the products itself and then sells the rights to manufacture the products to its bottling partners. They do not control the policies and programs of these bottling partners, but they do have mutual self-interests and therefore work together to find common ground and take common action in many areas. Through this system they can effectively devise the appropriate strategy for responding to the needs of the local environment. Branding through marketing campaigns The Coca Cola Company has put a lot of emphasis over the years on creating and maintaining its brand name through large scale marketing campaigns. They have effectively used their resources to build a brand that is unique and known on a large scale throughout the world for its quality. This has led to a brand loyalty factor. Innovation: Product, packaging, equipment and marketing Coca Cola is always bringing out new carbonated beverages. Through the use of its resources and technology, it has led the innovation of new, improved, and different soft drinks around the world. A recent example of this from Coca Cola is â€Å"Jianchi† meaning strong inner energy in Chinese, the drink, made with fruit juices and plant extracts and available in three flavors is inspired by ancient Chinese wisdom to enhance the inner balance. The Coca Cola Company has invented a bottle which is made from a blend of petroleum-based materials and up to 30 percent plant-based materials named the ‘plant bottle’. It is a significant development in sustainable packaging innovation. The new bottle reduces carbon emissions by up to 25 percent, compared with petroleum-based PET, and is 100% recyclable. â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company is the first company to introduce a beverage bottle made with recycled plastic has been focused on ensuring the sustainability of its packaging for decades. It has put resources behind creating packaging that is recyclable and investing in recycling infrastructure to ensure that its packages are collected, recycled and re-used†. The Company has built the world’s largest recycling plant with the ambition of reducing costs and the amount of materials in their packaging through recycling. The packaging being lighter will also reduce the cost of fuel on delivery etc. To increase the market for recycled materials, The Coca Cola Company has also released a line of merchandise which is made from 100% recycled material. Overall the innovation of recycled packaging will reduce costs, prevent waste and maximize value over the life of the product and inadvertently adding value to the Coca Cola brand. Coca Cola won the Gold lion in the point of sale category at the 2009 Cannes lion’s international advertising festival with the â€Å"video vendor† being the latest innovation in vending machines. It is believed to create a uniquely immersive experience for consumers. Strategic Directions; Strategic Objectives Vision The vision of Coca Cola â€Å"specifies what the organization could achieve if it performed perfectly† (Viljoen and Dann, 2003:97) â€Å"To refresh the world, to inspire moments of optimism and happiness and to create value and make a difference† Mission The mission statement of The Coca Cola Company has all the elements a good mission statement should have. It specifies the company’s commitment to their shareholders. Their mission is to: Achieve sustainable quality growth, be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be, bring the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs, nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, be a responsible citizen that makes a difference be helping build and support sustainable communities, maximise long term return to s hareholders while being mindful of our overall responsibilities and be a highly effective, lean and fast moving organisation. |Stakeholder |Salience |Stakeholder demands / needs |strategic objective(s) to address | | | |that must be satisfied |stakeholder demands / needs | |   |   |   | | | | | | |Shareholders |Definitive |High dividends & growth in share |Growth in profitability | | | |price |Increase in revenue | | | | |Financial stability | | | | |Efficiency | | | | |Research and development | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Customers |Dominant |Quality products at lowest price |Social Responsibility | | | |socially and environmentally aware |Product quality and service | | | | |Higher level of customer satisfaction | | | | |than rivals | | | | |Research and development | | | | |Focus on the needs of consumers, | | | | |customers, and franchise partners | | | | |Listen, observe and learn in the market | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Employees |Domina nt |All employee benefits satisfied |Employee welfare | | | |Clean and safe working environment |Financial stability | | |Friendly working environment |Be a great place to work where | | | |Job security |people are inspired to be the best | | | | |they can be | |   |   | |   | | | | | | |Community |Dominant |Minimal environmental impact |Social responsibility | | | |Support the community |Be a responsible citizen that makes a | | | | |difference by helping build and support | | | | |sustainable communities | | | | |Support charities and community | | | | |organizations | | | | |Research and Development – | | | | |Environmentally friendly products | | | | |Possess a world view | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Suppliers / Bottlers |Dominant |Network and communication |Nurture a winning network of customers | | | |Reliability |and suppliers, to together create mutual | | | |Support |and endearing value | | | | |Research and evelopment | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Government |Dormant |Abide by the laws and legislation |Abide by the law | | | |governing each county TCCC has |Be mindful of overall responsibilities | | | |its products | | |   |   |   |   | The strategic objectives of The Coca Cola Company are in alignment with the demands of each of its stakeholders. Its strategic objectives are firmly bound within its mission statement showing their commitment to upholding their responsibilities to meeting the demands of all possible stakeholders. Key Strategies – Current Using Ansoff’s product / market strategies model it can be determined that The Coca Cola Company is pursuing a product development / diversification strategy. This means that their aim is to keep distributing new products into the same existing market as well as look for opportunities in new markets. An example is the release of Jianchi a new product made from fruit juices and plant extracts. Miles and Snow’s adaptive strategies model reveals that the company is in the prospector / defender position in the market. The company is a prospector leading change in the industry through creating new products and identifying new opportunities in the market place. High innovation is key in the prospector business strategy. However it could be said that it is a defender as well in terms of the original coca cola product and its position in the Cola market. They are defending vigorously focusing on high quality and creating barriers to entry. Their position on strategy is characterized by stable growth, profits, efficiency and flexibility in a dynamic environment. Their business structure is flat / loose and authority is decentralized within the organization. The high level of innovation can be seen through the company’s marketing at a functional level with the recent release of the new four and a half minute Music Video released by The Coca Cola Company titled – â€Å"open Happiness† which has taken marketing in the carbonated beverage industry to a new level. Coca cola competes on the basis of value added for customers. People will pay the premium over lesser brands for the coca cola product and this may be why they have chosen (from Porters model) a differentiation strategy. In the past the company has focused cost leadership however this sometimes leads to lowered market entry barriers this has led them to a differentiation strategy and a focus on pervasive penetration, preference and price related value. Due to economies of scale Coca Cola has the opportunity to be a low cost provider and undercut Pepsi's prices but from what we can see it chooses the differentiation strategy and distributes its products at a premium. A possible reason why they may not have chosen a cost leadership strategy is that it can generally be seen as a weak competitive advantage. Competitors may undercut you and it is easily emulated as well as difficult to sustain over time. In order to differentiate from the conventional Coke product, The Coca Cola Company has produced / innovated other such products as cherry coke, vanilla coke and diet coke and it has undertaken competitive marketing against such companies as PepsiCo and Cadbury / Schweppes to advertise how their products are so different and better in quality. The Coca Cola Company has employed a strategy which closely resembles a multidomestic strategy. A multidomestic strategy is characterized as being â€Å"orientated towards local responsiveness†, establishing â€Å"semiautonomous national units in each country in which it operates to produce and customize products to local markets†. It does this in a unique way in collaboration with its bottling. Together The Coca Cola Company and all its bottlers form one system called The Coca Cola System. The benefit of this strategy is that The Coca Cola Company and its bottlers can work together to determine local responsiveness and produce products that best suit the local tastes in that particular geographical area. We have seen this strategy in action with the introduction of the Coca Cola equivalent of red bull being â€Å"Mother† the energy drink being release certain regions but not others. Strategic Implementation; General Perspective Evidence of unrealized strategy The Coca Cola Company was set for the acquisition of the Huiyuan Juice business in China around March earlier this year, which looked to agree with their product development / diversification and differentiation strategy. Unfortunately the Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOC) decided to decline approval for the proposed purchase. Coke released a statement saying: â€Å"We will now focus all of our energies and expertise on growing our existing brands and continuing to innovate with new brands, including in the juice segment. † The innovation of one of their newest products – â€Å"Jianchi† came approximately around this time. Apart from minor setbacks such as the failure of the Chinese juice company merger and acquisition, the coca cola company has implemented its strategies of diversification and differentiation well and this can be seen in the popularity of their products and their prosperous position in the carbonated beverage market. Key Strategic Implementation Issues Using the Mckinsey 7’s’ model we found that the three major strategic implementation issues that confront The Coca Cola Company is structure, style and systems. Structure The Coca Cola Company has in the past gone through major restructuring of its organization. It has cut out various levels and moved to a more multi-domestic structure. A couple of years ago they restructured their operations in both North America and internationally. â€Å"Not to save pennies but to simplify decision making and expedite the speed in which we can execute†. To this day they continue to refine their business structure. In June 2009 they integrated three core functions for a new business structure: Global Business Services, Global Information Technology and Transformational productivity. This will allow the company to deliver services that are highly dependent on technology and standardized processes to its business units in a more effective and efficient way. Style Amongst the list of The Coca Cola Company’s seven â€Å"values† includes integrity and accountability. Muhtar Kent the current CEO of the company was caught betting against the company’s stock allegedly based on insider information then claimed not to know that his actions were illegal. This does not constitute good leadership and could however be classified as an implementation issue for the company. The style of leadership a CEO shows can have a massive effect on the shared values or culture of an organization. So far there are no further signs of further situations like the one described above by the CEO and the company is continuing to improve. The signs point towards Muhtar Kent redeeming his reputation in the company. Systems The Coca Cola Company has the largest beverage distribution service in the world. With close to 1. 6 billion servings a day consumed in over 200 countries, The Coca Cola Company has had to develop effective and efficient system to cope with the magnitude of the business. Systems are as important to The Coca Cola Company as they are to any business. The distribution system of their products is unlike any other in the industry. It ties in with their business structure closely resembling a multi-domestic organizational structure. The Coca-Cola Company frequently utilizes promotional merchandise to connect consumers with its brands. It is critical that all such merchandise make a positive impression upon consumers. It is important that they monitor quality control not just for their concentrates and syrups but also on their promotional merchandise. The organization of The Coca Cola Company comprises many systems which enable the company to run smoothly. It takes strong successful systems for a company to survive and they can also give a company its strategic competitive advantage. However they must also be monitored and evaluated. TCCC has a triple bottom line approach to reporting and they utilize the balanced scorecard to achieve this. Evaluation of Strategy – Current / Future Efficient evaluation has been implemented through a triple bottom line reporting approach. They understand due to their large public profile they have to maintain a focus not just on financial reporting but also on their social responsibilities and the environment. The balanced scorecard is used in their financial reports based on key performance indicators to measure their performance in implementing their strategic objectives. The message is therefore communicate to their stakeholders through their general purpose financial reports (GPFR). References Textbooks Hill et al. 2007, Strategic Management: An integrated approach 2ed, Wiley and Sons. Page: 4 – 19, 64 – 72 Internet News Article I’d like to sell the world a Coke http://www. nytimes. com/ref/business/20070527_COKE_GRAPHIC. tml Viewed: 10:52 Monday 31st August The Coca Cola Company Website: Innovation http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/innovation. html Viewed: 4:59 Monday 31st August The Coca Cola Company Website: The System The Coca Cola logo (used above) is a registered trademark of The Coca Cola Company http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/the_cocacola_system. html Viewed: 4:59 Monday 31st August Strategic management http://www. docstoc. com/docs/10713752/Strategic-Management Viewed: 4:00 Saturday 10 October 2009 Brand Spotlight: Coca-Cola http://www. brandingstrategyinsider. com/2007/04/brand_spotlight. html Viewed: 6:31 Sunday 11 October 2009 Organization Strategies: Strategies used in Coca Cola http://www. findfreecollegeessays. com/show_essay/47865. html Viewed: 6:40 Sunday 11 October 2009 Open Happiness: Music Video http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Cxfkg3RaRjs&feature=related Viewed: 4:53 Saturday 10 October 2009 THE COCA-COLA COMPANY INTRODUCES INNOVATIVE BOTTLE MADE FROM RENEWABLE, RECYCLABLE, PLANT-BASED PLASTIC http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/presscenter/nr_20090514_plantbottle. html Viewed: 10:16 Sunday 11 October 2009 ACQUISITION OF HUIYUAN JUICE GROUP IN CHINA NOT TO PROCEED http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/presscenter/nr_20090318_huiyan_juice. html Viewed: 11:37 Sunday 11 October 2009

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators When the topic of  mosquito control is discussed, thrown into the mix is usually a fervent argument for installing purple martin houses and bat houses. Stores that cater to bird enthusiasts often tout the purple martin houses as the best solution for keeping your yard mosquito free. Bats, which may not be the most beloved of mammals, are defended with the claim that they consume hundreds of mosquitoes per hour. The truth of the matter is that neither purple martins nor bats provide any significant measure of mosquito control. While both eat mosquitoes, the insect makes up a very tiny portion of their diets. Other animals might have an upper hand on mosquito control, particularly in the fish, other insect, and amphibian classes. Mosquito Munchies For bats and birds, mosquitoes are more like a passing snack. Multiple studies of wild bats have consistently shown that mosquitoes consist of less than 1 percent of their diet. In purple martins, the percentage of mosquitoes in their diet is slightly higher- about 3 percent, at most. The reason is simple. The payoff is small. A bird or a bat that feeds on insects must invest considerable energy in flying around and must catch the bugs in mid-air. Birds and bats are usually seeking the biggest caloric bang for their buck. Given the choice between a mosquito morsel, a hardy beetle, or a mouthful of moth, the mosquito hardly makes the top-10 list. An Efficient Mosquito Natural Predator Gambusia affinis, also known as the mosquitofish, is an American fish that is utilized by some mosquito control districts across the country as a very effective predator of mosquito larvae. As far as natural predators go, the mosquitofish is by far the most efficient natural predator of mosquitoes. The mosquitofish is a voracious predator. In certain studies, mosquitofish have been shown to consume up to 167 percent of their body weight in invertebrate prey, including mosquito larvae, per day. Mosquitofish, as well as small predatory fish such as guppies, can be quite useful in the reduction of mosquito larvae given the right conditions. Other Mosquito Consumers The closely related  dragonflies and damselflies  are natural predators of mosquitoes but do not consume enough mosquitoes to cause a significant impact on the wild mosquito population. Dragonflies are often referred to as mosquito hawks for an unsubstantiated claim of being able to kill thousands of mosquitoes. One thing that does make the dragonfly a better predator than most is that, in the aquatic larval stage, one of their food sources is mosquito larvae. Dragonfly larvae can sometimes live up to six years in this stage. During this phase of life, dragonflies do the most damage to mosquito populations. Frogs, toads, and their young tadpoles are often touted as excellent for mosquito control. In reality, while they do consume their fair share, it is not enough to seriously put a dent in vast mosquito populations. When frogs and toads do consume mosquitoes, it is usually after they have transformed from tadpole to adult.

Immigrant Students essays

Immigrant Students essays Everyone knows about the glory of Rome. Ancient Rome was the most powerful country in the world. Today, America is considered the new  ¡Ã‚ °Rome. ¡ Therefore, many people who want to achieve the American dream immigrate to the United States. Unfortunately, the immigrants are not permanent residents or citizens as soon as arriving in America. Because of this, they cannot receive certain benefits, such as financial aid to go to college. Students who are not American citizens pay over three times tuition fees than do citizens. It is too much money when they have to pay at one time. The legislation which would remove barriers for immigrant students who are denied access to college because of financial difficulties should allow immigrant students financial aid. Why should the government help immigrant students? After they, who receive the financial aid, graduate from college, both immigrant students and the United States will have several benefits. First of all, after such students graduate from college, they will become high-class manpower in their field. The high-class manpower will get a professional job. If they exhibit their ability in the work place greatly, the United States will develop at all portions such as politics, economy, society, and culture. Therefore, the financial aid about the immigrant students is an investment that America has to make for a brighter future. Second, as I know, financial aid is the investment, not free. After they graduate from college, they will get a job. And then, they will repay to the government or the organization which gives the financial aid not only principal but also interest about the financial aid. Therefore, this investment is gain, not loss nationally. Finally, if the students who have only financial difficulties give up going to college, they will discourage their future life. Therefore, the United States should give immigrant students the opportunity of financial aid, beca...

The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing

The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing Free Online Research Papers The fundamental philosophies surrounding the purpose of sentencing are retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. The first of these things is again, retribution. Retribution is what people is deserved of a guilty party when a crime is committed. As stated in the text of chapter 10 of our required reading, â€Å"a wrongdoer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished for the infraction.† â€Å"Retribution relies on the principle of just deserts, which holds that the severity of the punishment must be in proportion to the severity of the crime.† The second purpose listed is deterrence. Deterrence is to try to get someone not to commit the crime again by enforcing a punishment or the threat of a punishment in order to kind of scare the person into not committing the crime again. They do this so that the perpetrator that commits a crime or thinks about committing a crime will hopefully weight out the actions and the consequences and determine for themselves that it is not worth committing the crime in the first place. In a jest it is to try to prevent future crimes from occurring. The third purpose earlier listed is incapacitation. Incapacitation is basically to incarcerate the wrongdoers of society that break the law. I believe that the best possible way to explain the definition of this word is as stated in our text of required reading from our book, â€Å"incarcerating criminals guarantees that they will not be a danger to society, at least for the length of their prison terms. To a certain extent, the death penalty is justified in terms of incapacitation, as it prevents the offender from committing any future crimes.† Lastly the fourth purpose listed is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is what people see as the most â€Å"humane† form of punishment. It is said that criminals can be â€Å"treated† and possibly even â€Å"cured† of their proclivities toward crime. It is believed that most courts are deterring from this method more and more and going towards more â€Å"get tough† types of punishment, like the retribution, deterrence, and the incapacitation models of punishment. There are a lot of opinions surrounding capital punishment. There are many people who believe that the death penalty is wrong and inhumane. Then there are others who believe that the only thing that justifies murder or rape or something of that nature, is for the person who commit the crime to be put to death. There are so many hard feeling on both sides of the fence when it comes to this subject. There are so many people that have been affected by capital punishment, whether they were affected negatively or positively by the situation they were still affected and they still have permanent feelings toward the situation. It is hard to decide who is right in this situation. Both sides have and make so many great points. On one hand I do believe that to kill another human being is inhumane, but on the other hand I also believe that someone who kills or rapes someone or commits other horrible crimes like that should be punished and in most cases put to death. If someone in my family was on death row I would be begging for mercy so I do not think that I could demand justice for one someone else to be put to death. When it comes to the punishment of the convicted, I believe that one has to look at only what that person has done. When you take into consideration what that person has done that is all that a court or jury can look at when considering punishments for the convicted. Someone can not just jump up and decide automatically how to punish someone convicted of a crime. Every thing has to be taken into consideration when making that decision. Research Papers on The Effects of Punishment and SentencingCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Quebec and CanadaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field Essay - 1

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field of - Essay Example e need to design and implement efficient international relations guidelines and practices, it has become imperative that more accurate international relations researches are conducted. Among the issues surrounding international relations researches is that of the best research method and type of data to be used. Central to these debates are quantitative and qualitative data, which are the two major types of data used in most disciplines. This paper explores the type(s) of data that is best suited for researching international relations, taking the stance that these two types of data can be used complimentarily in international relations research since each has its strengths and weaknesses, which could be complimented by the other. That the two data types can be combined to ensure accurate international relations researches is supported by the fact that while quantitative data are numerical representations and the manipulations of the obtained observations to describe and explain international phenomena, qualitative data emphasises meanings and processes that may not be measured (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). From these definitions, it is quite evident that both numerical and non-numerical aspects of international relations would be catered for if researchers combined both qualitative and quantitative data (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). That is, qualitative data presents, interprets and explains non-numerical aspects of an observation so that underlying international relations patterns, issues and meanings are discerned and understood. In other words, the two types of data have relative values depending on the nature and the objectives of the international relations research to be conducted. The aspects of international relations issues that qualitative data may help explore and explain are issues whose quantity, intensity, amount or frequency may not be rigorously measured. In other words, this type of data would emphasise the social nature and the relationships of

Global Governance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Governance - Research Paper Example The main issues on debate are the varying climatic vulnerability, varying costs of adaptation, highly technical science, extensive debate over burden sharing and the adjustment rules, and the basic normative disagreements over the development and environment priorities. Additionally, â€Å"any serious and concerted effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions necessarily entails measures that strike at the heart of the domestic policies of states, including energy, industry, transport infrastructure development, taxation, and pricing† (Reus-Smit, 82). Majority of the states consider any attempt to regulate or control their domestic matters as a violation of their sovereignty. Despite these challenges, most of the states have reached an agreement to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. It is important to note that the developed nations have accepted to take the initial practical strides in the reduction of emissions (Reus-Smit, 83). 20th century has witnessed enormous economic expan sion and two types of changes have accompanied the expansion; these changes have had severe consequences on the natural environment. The first change is the dramatic elevation in the consumption or utilization of the global natural resources (in particular, the renewable resources – freshwater, fish, air, forests, soils, and animal life). The rate of usage of these renewable resources by the humans has exceeded the limits of the sustainable yields. For instance, nonrenewable resources such as nonfuel minerals and fossils fuels were thought to be scarce but now they are regularly available. The second and the last change is the exponential growth of pollution. Pollution entails having in excess of something in the incorrect place. In appropriate amounts, most of the potential pollutants are useful. For instance, nitrates and phosphates are plant nutrients that are vital to life. However, the excess of these nutrients in the aquatic systems can lead to eutrophication (Haas and Speth, 17). Pollution is occurring in a larger scale worldwide; the condition is persistent and it is virtually affecting all things in the world. The combination of the above-mentioned two changes (large-scale pollution and high demands on the renewable resources) has led to the rise of the global threats the world is facing presently (Haas and Speth, 18). The response to the challenges has been the formation of environmental movements and environmental justice and human rights discourses (Pellow, 241). Debt is a thorny issue among the poor and developing nations. Majority of these nations have huge debts borrowed from the developed nations. Some of these nations are faced with many problems such that they are unable to pay their debts. In response to this situation, Bill Peters and Martin Dent formed Jubilee 2000 in 1996 and their main aim was to advocate for the forgiveness of the debts these poor nations by the developed nations. The basis of their advocacy is the biblical jubil ee. Dent and Peters indicated that most of these debts were tainted by inefficiency and historical corruption of the developing nations and they were aggravated by biased economic and political decisions of the creditor

How the Law of England and Wales Is Made Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How the Law of England and Wales Is Made - Essay Example The paper tells that businesses in Wales and England have a different form of ownership that depends on the required level of control and the availability of funds. The variation in the form of ownership determines the rules suitable for a particular business according to the legal system of the countries. The UK parliament is responsible for the creation of laws that govern Wales and England. The parliament is made up of the House of Commons, House of Lords, and the Monarch. The processor creating laws starts with the creation of a bill that has to pass or to be approved by the parliament. Either the bills can be public (presented by government ministers) or private (presented the backbench MPs). English laws can also be created from government policies that have to go through similar approval from the legislature. The bills have to go through first and second readings in the house before being handed to the committee for further debate. From the committee stage, the bill is present ed to the house as a report before it goes through the third reading. After passing through the third readings successful bills proceed to the House of Lords for approval. Finally, the bill has to go through the Royal Assent for it to be adopted as a law. The laws made by the legislature are general laws that govern the countries, however; there are specific laws that are important to the corporate and business world and this fall into the category of business and corporate laws. Creating of business laws is a complex process that requires combined efforts from the business sector and the government’s instruction through the judicial system.

An Aspect of the Discussed TED Sustainability Strategy Research Paper

An Aspect of the Discussed TED Sustainability Strategy - Research Paper Example One of the most illustrative and abundant sources of ideas in the historic legacy of textile and apparel area is ethnic and folk costumes (Jenkyn Jones, 2005, p.19). In this respect, use of design details typical for traditional outfits of different cultures and epochs might become the great experience for a designer, as it opens the endless range of embellishment techniques, patterns and materials. Particularly, most traditional costumes date back to the past centuries, when people were closer and friendlier to the environment, applying the gifts of nature in the least ecologically hazardous way and reflecting their culture, values and symbols in clothes. Probably, the most recent example of this strategy’s application is the collection Spring/Summer 2015 created by the designers of Valentino, where the motifs of East-Slavic peoples were turned into sheer art. The collection consisted of women’s clothing models with the strong folk element, namely, lavish use of tradit ional East-European embroidery and materials such as sheep wool and linen. The artist’s homeland was the territory of modern Belarus, and the models illustrate traditional Slavic motifs explicitly: contrastive embroidery – predominantly in red and black, natural linen textures and waistcoats of sheep pelt. Moreover, this fashion design specimen demonstrates eco-friendliness, as the clothes were created in natural colours with virtually no dying, and, as it is well known that dyes used for fabrics contain environmentally harmful chemicals.

Entering the Conversation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Entering the Conversation - Essay Example & Monroe, D. Food and philosophy. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. 2007. Print Allhof and Monroe’s book gives a very enlightening and also refreshing exploration on how philosophy can go about conversing about food and the activity of eating. There are various chapters that focus on a certain aspects of food and philosophy. Aesthetics and ethics cover certain themes and issues that involve the matter of food and eating. Aesthetics would try to expound on the nature of the good taste and refined experiences of eating food and what qualifies a dish to be wonderfully delicious. Ethics would speak on how eating should be done accordingly for the good of an individual. Each chapter in this book deals with such different themes and issues, and is written by various contributing authors from different fields related to the food culture and even life science. Iggers, J. Who needs a critic? the standard of taste and the power of branding. In F. Allhoff & D. Monroe (Eds.), Food an d philosophy (pp.88-100). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. 2007. Print This article written by Iggers speaks on what is the standard of food that would consider it be of â€Å"good taste† and also the effects of branding that would affect the criteria of such standards. Being a food critic himself, Iggers expounds the reasons and the mindset as to what would make an individual a person of good taste and have a refined palate for food. Since not everyone has the sensitive tongue and taste buds to without experience and learning it is important that a good food critic develop good taste by going through a more critical and refined manner of enjoying and understanding food more than just a mere necessity for survival. King, R.J.H. Eating well: Thinking ethically about food. In F. Allhoff & D. Monroe (Eds.), Food and philosophy (pp.177-191). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. 2007. Print. King wrote this article on how an individual should ethically conduct himself or h erself in the activity of eating and to consider the nature of eating. King expresses that the reasons why an individual should eat properly because it has its effects much larger in scale for both an individual and for the environment around. For an individual, good health is the reason why eating well is important. The reason why a balanced diet exists is to promote proper nutritional intake and balance for a person when he or she eats. Having too much of eating is just as bad as not eating. Parasecoli, F. Hungry engrams: Food and non-representational memory. In F. Allhoff & D. Monroe (Eds.), Food and philosophy (pp.102-114). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. 2007. Print. Parasecoli’s article takes reference from a neurologist turned chef by the name of Miguel Sanchez Romera. Parasecoli is an Italian food and wine critic expresses his fascination on how the flavor of food can be associated with the human brain’s ability to remember things or store memory. In thi s article, Parasecoli gives an explanation with regards to Romera’s research that different flavors of food have different effects to a person’s ability for memory association as well as emotional association. The taste and flavor of food can at times represent various emotional memories to a person since the mind would associate it with either an experience or sentiment. Shelley, J. The concept of the aesthetic. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aesthetic-concept/. 2009. Web The article

An Aspect of the Discussed TED Sustainability Strategy Research Paper

An Aspect of the Discussed TED Sustainability Strategy - Research Paper Example One of the most illustrative and abundant sources of ideas in the historic legacy of textile and apparel area is ethnic and folk costumes (Jenkyn Jones, 2005, p.19). In this respect, use of design details typical for traditional outfits of different cultures and epochs might become the great experience for a designer, as it opens the endless range of embellishment techniques, patterns and materials. Particularly, most traditional costumes date back to the past centuries, when people were closer and friendlier to the environment, applying the gifts of nature in the least ecologically hazardous way and reflecting their culture, values and symbols in clothes. Probably, the most recent example of this strategy’s application is the collection Spring/Summer 2015 created by the designers of Valentino, where the motifs of East-Slavic peoples were turned into sheer art. The collection consisted of women’s clothing models with the strong folk element, namely, lavish use of tradit ional East-European embroidery and materials such as sheep wool and linen. The artist’s homeland was the territory of modern Belarus, and the models illustrate traditional Slavic motifs explicitly: contrastive embroidery – predominantly in red and black, natural linen textures and waistcoats of sheep pelt. Moreover, this fashion design specimen demonstrates eco-friendliness, as the clothes were created in natural colours with virtually no dying, and, as it is well known that dyes used for fabrics contain environmentally harmful chemicals.

How Does Mood Affect the Performance of Singers Research Paper

How Does Mood Affect the Performance of Singers - Research Paper Example The amazing process of how the brain controls the capabilities of humans to express themselves shall be examined herein as well as a solution to the best possible ideas and results that the researcher could garner from the procedures taken into consideration within this piece of work.Music is an undeniably fine type of art that has captured the hearts of human individuals around the globe. Ever since the human generation began, the existence of music as a primary source of expression has given a chance for the many human generations passing history to preserve the right kind of mark that they would want to leave as legacies of their civilization. From the different developments of the said entity of the human society, there is one particular contributory element that makes all these things possible, the human voice.Voice is noted as the primary sound that comes out of a person’s mouth as demanded and commanded by the brain. Through this particular element, the thinking of any individual is expressed to others. IT is also the voice of humans that makes the existence of music creation possible. From this particular indication, it could then be identified that as one person sings, there are several procedures being involved before the actual sound of the song comes out of any body’s mouth as a form of music that sends messages to the ears and towards the brains of everyone else hearing it.If the expression of one’s thinking through the utilization of the human voice is controlled by the brain, how is the performance of singers actually affected by the emotions that they feel every now and then? Considerably, this is one of the main issues that shall be handled within the context of this research. From this question, it could be expected that the study would revolve on the capability of the brain to control the emotional display of failure, anger, distress, happiness, excitement and so on and so forth as seen through the skills and the voices o f singing performers.

Elements of Dance Essay Example for Free

Elements of Dance Essay After reading the handout about tribal dances and ceremonies, I learned a lot of interesting things I never knew before. I guess the fact that I havent taken a dance class ever before and wasnt taught too much about dance in grammar school or high school, I was ignorant to how important and how influential ritual dances are within a society. Dancing is an activity that can be dated as far back as the Stone Age, when people first existed on this planet. Not only that, ritual dances can be found in almost every culture today. In some areas of the world, dancing is a way of life. It can be used for a variety of reasons such as; Fertility rituals, Initiation rituals, Rituals of the Hunt and Animals, Healing and funeral rituals, and War and Weapon rituals. Rituals are traditional clusters of actions. They are performed for the most part to cast magical spells and to influence gods and spirits. Rituals are also passed down from generation to generation. The ritual dance that my group performed last Tuesday in class was titled War and Peace. It started off violent with an intense fight scene and ended with everyone being brought back to life and coming together with the linkage our hands, representing peace. With everything going on in the world right now, we thought it was an appropriate ritual dance to do because the point of it was to show how we must not kill each other. We must come together, figure out our differences and make peace. This ritual would be considered a specific ritual, which has a specific one-time purpose. The purpose obviously being the end of the terrorism thats going on and the prevention of a war. The other type of ritual the handout talks about is a cyclical. A cyclical is repeated each year or season. An example of this would be a rain dance that a tribe might do during a dry season when their crops need water. It seemed to me that the other two ritual dances did in class were probably cyclicals. They seemed as though they were dances that could be used over and over again as opposed to our ritual that had a one-time purpose. Another interesting fact I found out while reading was how sound plays such a crucial role in a ritual dance. It said that the drummer is the main music maker, and it is thought that the gods are spoken to, through drums. Since we practiced our ritual dances in class without a drumbeat, it was a real drastic change when Dave provided a beat for our final dance, making it much easier to keep a rhythm. Another important topic talked about in the article that had to do with our dance in class was Sexual roles. It said that men usually have the roles in a ritual dance dealing with war and the womens role most often deal with the caring for the bodies of the dead. This was also true for our dance we performed in class. Me and Mike started of the ritual dance with a fight symbolizing war, and the dance ended with one of the girls from our group bringing us back to life. In conclusion of this paper, I would like to say that I actually am glad we were assigned our ritual dance, I had fun. Now that I have finished this paper, I have a better understanding of what ritual dance really is.

Explanation Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication English Language Essay

Explanation Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication English Language Essay In this assignment I will be started by elucidating The importance of communication, and then I explained about verbal and non-verbal communication in sharing information and experiences, build vision, create learning environment and collaborative work culture. Typically, I brought the explanation of both verbal and nonverbal communication. Besides, it flowed the critical discussion on the functions of both communication skills. Finally, the article then seeks some of the suggestions on the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of verbal and nonverbal communications. 1. The importance of Communication It is fundamental that everyone is skilled of reading, writing, and communicating. Obviously, many people lack the important skills needed for effective communication. There are lots of educated people in this current age but many of them have poor communication skills. Clear and planned manner of smooth language is also a most imperative and functional utility, it is the medium to express information. Besides, well organized and effective communication is always found as a success of a person such as personal relationships, between members of different ideas and cultures, and in ones personal and professional life. Hence, effective communication is the most important key that we use to transmit information. Communication takes place all the times, and unexpectedly. Moreover, it happens either verbally or non-verbally. This can be seen in various activities. For example; listening, talking, watching movies, thinking, watching television programs, discussions, or mediating. Even though, a very silent person who may be communicating within himself as he is thinking of something. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), stated that the communication can be seen in several characteristics such as our personal lives, carrier advancement, Ethics in communication, adapting in a multi-culture society, and changes in technology and relationships. 2. Explanation of Verbal and Non-verbal Communication 2.1 Communication in Personal Life Additionally, communication is the foundation of interaction between two or more people in personal life. Similarly, according to Murphy, P. (2007), when dealing with the arising issues in ones personal life, good and effective communication is vital. Likewise, if we have any relationship with someone, communication is what sustain the affiliation jovial. In essence, instead of agreeing on everything, showing respect and talking with reality are more crucial. Since, the relationship becomes deeper and develops, appears a good example. 2.2 Communication in Career improvement According to Malhotra, V. ( 2012) , stated that the effective communication plays a centre role of the usage of the words such as words, modulation, pronounciation, voice variation, pitch, and body language. He added that the correct tool to communicate the right messages at the most appropriate time can pick up a crises and encourage people to work toward success. As truly said by Dr.Zimmerman, (2009), communication works for those who work at it. This means communication takes place in all the times but it is imperfect. In the globalization world, the first criteria of the job selection is not to be a first class degree but the effective communication skills. For example, as illustrated in the form of Maldives Civil Cervice Commision, the highest weightage is given to the interview section, which represents a set of communication skills. This is because the effective communication is a very essential component to make the organization and ones career success, which can be intra or external group. Therefore, taking responsibility and accountability help to encourage and sustain the career, and also support the functions of the organization runs smoothly. 2.3 Ethics in Communication Apparently, an effective communicator has a high morality and humanity when dealing others. Meantime, the communicator prove that the words he/she articulates is attained positively or negatively. Hence, positive language is a powerful weapon and it can help to win hearts of others. In short, ethical matters in communication are associated to the integrity and reliability of responsibilities and respect of the persons communication. 2.4 Adaptation in Multi-cultural Society According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), assured that the effective communication ability is to be adabted in to various cultures and contexts, which bring harmonious and sustainable environment in the work place. 2.5 Effects of Changes on Technology and relationship Moreover, technology revolution is the most whirlwind effect in the globalization world. Technology helps the delivery, sharing and receiving messages quickly. As it is a virtual communication, it has a broad impact to personal relationships and societies. Therefore, effective communication helps to change ones attitude and also to mould as an valuable person. 3 Types of Verbal and non-verbal Communication Generally, verbal and nonverbal communication border the meaning of conversations and both are used during face-to-face negotiations. As Lee, B. (2011), explained that the nonverbal signals are uniformly significant as the words and the voice modulation. Wherefore, verbal and nonverbal signals equally send a message and describe the relationship with others. 3.1 Organizational Communication Obviously, organizational communication is observed in establishing an ideal organization. Besides, the communication focuses on formal and informal information that arises in the context of the organization. Besides, both formal and informal communication are found as downward, upward, horizontal, cross-channel, and grapevine communication. Apparently, each of these types has different roles with considered to suitability of the organization. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), also explicated that there are eight types of Communication found in the working environment. These are included as interpersonal, intrapersonal, group, organizational, public, mass, intercultural, and online communication. In this assgnment, i will be elucidating organizational, interpersonal, and group communication. 3.2 Interpersonal Communication Comparatively, interpersonal communication is highly interacted with each other. Most often, it involves emotions. For example, humanity and empathy are vital in realizing the feeling of others. Interpersonal communication is also known as very unique because it is direct, personal, informal, and spontaneous information. 3.3 Group Communication Moreover, Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), also clarified that group communication is gradually arises the interactions between people until it shapes an entity. Group communication normally happens to solve problems, to form new ideas, and to get new experience. In general, it can define exchanging and recieving information between group members. 4. Types of verbal communication. According to Saylor, S. (n.d), mentioned that there are two main types of human verbal communication, speech and writing. In view of that, having more practice of speaking and writing makes one,s own effective communication skills excellent. Ever since, verbal skills go beyond in a wide variety of situations and styles, which consists both essential and advernced forms of personal interaction. Additionally, there are diverse types of communication. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), approved that these various types of communication have different charactoristics and functions. Besides, communication process does not happen by chance, but it comprises a choice of situation and has exact reasons. 4.1 Written Communication Evidently, written communication happens technically nonverbal, commonly uses ideas to convey words. For example, books, letters, email, texts, memos, magazines, newspapers and personal journals are used to express messages as written communication. Another form of verbal communication requires no speech. Written communication, while technically nonverbal, commonly falls under the umbrella of verbal communication for the use of words to convey ideas. 4.2 Electronic Communication In a fast developing world, electronic communication influences in a wide range. It is a speedy type of verbal communication. It is one way service, but it is not limited. For example, voice telephony, voice mail, email, fax services, teleconferencing, video conferencing, bulletin boards, internet service, web pages and etc. The purpose this is very clear now a days; nevertheless, like books in library, or classroom space, there are limitations that insure sensible use of facilities to enable them right to control usage through denying or controlling access to these facilities. It can use to teach easily by using the wide range of information through worldwide. Besides, it helps to develop the ethics of the whirlwind information by the help of teachers. Moreover, it can help to comply with the public law and reasonable standards of professional and personal politeness and conduct. 4.3 Spoken communication According to Mosel, S. (2010), confirmed that both speech and oral communication are spreading information, ideas, attitudes, from one person to another. Affirming to this, an effective communication needs to have a clear voice, good pronounciation, and the most sufficient meaning to convey the messages. Besides, an effective spoken communicator can also show some of the non-verbal communication skills in teaching as well. Likewise, posture and body language play a very important role in spoken communication. 5 Types of Non-verbal Communication Generally, non-verbal communication is known as body language and facial expressions. It is also used to support verbal communication. For example, a teacher asking to put the book on the table in verbal communication by pointing to the table. In many cases, we communicate information in nonverbal ways using groups of behaviors. For example, we might combine a frown with crossed arms and unblinking eye gaze to indicate disapproval. The following are some types of non-verbal communication. 5. 1 Facial Expression Markedly, facial expressions are accountable for a huge part of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are similar throughout the world. 5. 2 Gestures Noticeably, deliberate movements and signals are an imperative way to communicate meaning without words. Hence, common gestures contain waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture. 5. 3 Eye Gaze Furthermore, looking, staring and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. Think of how many relationships start with a man and woman making eye contact across a crowded area. Clearly, a playful wink tends to be more effective. whilst people come upon people or things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils open. Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions, including hostility, interest and attraction. adding to this, just as a bright smile when we say congratulations reinforces the sincerity of our words. 6. Discussion on Functions of verbal and Non-verbal Communication   As mentioned before, communication is sharing thoughts, ideas and opinions through combined symbols and phrases. Definitely, good readers are good listeners and good listeners are better communicators. Good communication skills help us to go forward with specific set of goals with clarity. As a result, people need to initiate in pursuit of such goals, and need to devote the available relevant resources. In addition, when people have realized the target, they may share the aims with other people or use them in their work places. According to, Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), stated that comparatively both verbal and non-verbal communications are vital in ways of persuading or shifting persons view towards something what is needed. Hence, they take part in our everyday context. As non-verbal communication process wordless messages, they are known through gestures, body language, posture, facial expression, and eye contact. According to Saran, S. (Dec 22, 2009), explicated that once we communicate verbally, subsist it in a presentation or discussion. Thus, our aim of the target will be achieving and the message will be clarifying to understand. Since, the receiver is an individual or a group of people, instead of written document the message is just a speech in front of them. So, our choice of communicational words should be critical. According to Warren Windle, (2010), clarified that Verbal messages convey through variation, modulation and tempo of our voices. They also eplained that the weightage of these are carried 38% of what we communicate. As a resulut some of us use to raise the tone of voice in astonishment. Convincingly, it is realized that non-verbal communication takes place in many ways of day to day communication, through style, attire, codes or even in our daily manner. Similarly, Warren Windle, (2010), illuminated gesturing on the othe hand is non-verbal bodily movement which may also include affectionate and familiarity or negative response, and express using parts of the body like, arms, hands and may also comprise nodding and gazing of ones eyes. For example, teachers often raise hands to action others to silence when they wanted to speak. According to Cherry, K. (n.d), confirmed that non-verbal communication has a significant portion in our everyday context, either verbal communication or non-verbal communication. He also mentioned that non-verbal cues and behaviors such as postures, facial expression, eye gaze, gestures, and voice variations are used in our everyday life. Additionally, Jadwick01 (2009), elucidated that any type of communication should have a clear aim. He also stated that in the repid developing organizations, we need to have different types of communications that influence connections no matter how big or small the organization may be. Robbins, S. (2006) assumed that an organization is a constant, while it has a formal and social structure that receives capitals from the environment and practices them to create production. Stoner, J. (1989), stated that the suitably mangement must be flourishing in achieving its goals. Since then effective method of coordination is to be maintained, so that the plans are accomplished efficiently and effectively with and through other people. He aslo affirmed that there are two main reasons why communication is important in the management. Firstly it is the main process of leading, controling , organizing and planning are boomed. Secondly, the management is actively dedicated to overwelming time of th eir time. Relatively, communication can be completed in various ways. According to Mehrabian, A. (2006), found that both verbal and non-verbal communication are included the main three elements, which are established that words we express are 7% valuable, variation of the vioce are 38% effective, and non-verbal signs are 55% successful. In such situations he proved by conducting a wide range of research and said that both communication skills play a vital role in our everyday life. Furthermore, according to Lee, B. (2011), stated that verbal communication serves as a vehicle for expressing desires, ideas and concepts and is vital to the process of learning and teaching in combination with nonverbal forms of communication. In general, verbal communication is the orally expressed word and comprises real words, designed and inferred meanings, pitch and voice variation. For example, by asking permission from the teacher to go to the library. The communication that happen here is a very clear verbal communication. According to Hughes, C. (2010), convinced that the basis of communication is the interaction between people.  Coupled with, some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking, and language. Hence, verbal communication operates as the primary tool for expression between two or more people. 7. Factors found to the Effectiveness of Verbal and Non-verbal Communication . Manifestly, a person communicating by verbal and non-verbal ways should also be aware of several factors such as style religious, cultural practices, beliefs and values. Often, personal and professional success varies depending on the ability to communicate. It is very important to be articulate and fluent in the way or mode of speech in front of audience and with parents and even in the classroom, because language we express is like a sharp weapon and it influences amazingly to the communication process. According to Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), stated that the open and hidden meaning of the message is crucial with relating to the real life situations. Further, they explained that the message we intend is to be easily understand and then the students and parents can critically interpret. Evidently, the schorlarly evidences and other real life situations are more applicable to convince and firm on our communication. Communication Factor Apparently, there are lot of communication barriers in the society or in our school environment. Effective communication is defined as the process of conveying information and common understanding from one person to another. Besides, the elements in the communication process determine the quality of communication. A problem in any of these elements can reduce effectiveness of the communication. For example, information must be encoded into a message that can be understood as the sender inteded. Also, the selection of the communication media plays a vital role. Markedly, most people at child birth have voiced, which create sounds.   Gradually, as a child grows, he/she learns how to form these sounds into words.   Some words may be imitative of natural sounds, but others may come from expressions of emotion, such as laughter or crying.  However, words alone have no sense, just people can bring meaning into terminologies.  Including both words and meaning mixed together, which direct to the maturity of communication. Particularly, language plays a creative role in verbal communication, which helps to direct a person to the right path using its causes and effects. Furthermore, using language and settled in a verbal communication, both in speech and written, means deciding the language for the most appropriated particular uses, needs and situations. Besides, selection of language and verbal communication styles has close connection with the recievers awareness of the person. Hence, the verbal communicator must be sensitive to the selection and use of language, which generate an effective communication. According to Lunenburg, (2010), that the greatest barrier in the communication process is the illusion that it has been accomplished. Moreover, Cal, W. Allyson, A. (nd), stated that in any organization, humanity is also a very important quality to apply in any situations. Since, effective communication is earnestly depended regardless of the organizational hierarchy. For this purpose, according to Goldhaber (1986), cited with Hamzah, M. Yusof, A. (2011), acknowlodged that communication in school takes place in a whole system and influences by i nternally and externally. Also, communication involves messages and its flow, purpose, direction and media. As well as, it involves people, attitude, feeling, and the skill they possess. According to Grover, S. (2012), Nonverbal communication is presently very important. He added that the way we sit or stand, the tendency of our voice, and our common bodily manners are all behaviors of communication. However, there are some barriers to nonverbal communication. Besides, they are known as not responding, encroaching, space and time, different status, communication distance, Psychology, Gender, culture and etc. These all set up barriers which ultimately reduce communication. Physical Factors Additionally, any number of physical distractions can interfere with the effectiveness of communication, including a telephone call, seating arrangements for visitors, distances between people, walls, and etc. People often take physical barriers for approved, but sometimes they can be removed. For example, a badly placed room can be removed. Disruptions such as telephone calls can be removed by issuing directions to a secretary. An appropriate choice of media can overcome distance barriers between people. Lack of Clarity Subsequently, lacking clarity is also a most common barrier to effective verbal communication. Since, a teacher or an administrator who do not communicate accurately and clearly about their topic, surely, it can run the threat of confusing the receiver of the message. The language we use may differ from someone we are communicating too. According to Lewis, J. (2012), referred to this lack of clarity as muddled messages. Since, messages that are unclear and inaccurate may be interpreted wrongly. Obviously, this is a very major issue which occurs in our school communities. Though, the best way to be sure of our clearness is to get effective feedback from the parents or teachers of the message . So, it can surely guarantee that they have received our message properly or not. Additionally, Verbal tone in communication is more than just the words we use. It also play a vital role to understand the pitch of the speaker. If someone screams to control, then he develops hostility, while a persons suggestion brought in a normal speaking voice is much less harsh and usually more effective way to communicate the same thing. For example, if someone says, give me a book, he might not earn too well. But he might get better outcome if he asks, Could you hand me a book. Electronic Communication Factor Obviously, in the fast developing world, electronic communication influences in a wide range is a big factor in the society. It is a speedy type of verbal communication. However, electronic communication involves its own set of rules. Likewise, using capital letters can be interpreted as blaring or not happy at the receiver. For a moment, it can arises misunderstandings and problems in the workplace. Spelling rules are not much concerned, they are often set aside. For example, allocating figures like u instead of you and 2 instead of too, etc are very common. consequently, the effectiveness of the words and flow through of the sentence structures are in threat. Definitely, it effects to the current situation and up coming generations. Therefore, as teachers, we should be more aware of the immense influence and show the right path to the students. Cultural Factors Similarly, non-verbal communication is convened the messages to the receiver. It can also supplement verbal communication. However there are higher chances of non-verbal communication being misinterpreted by the receivers than verbal communication. Misunderstandings are more likely to occur across people belonging to different cultural backgrounds. Individuals communicating by nonverbal means should be aware of the different meaning that different individuals may perceive from his/her communication, especially when individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds are the receivers of the information. In the school, every child is belongs to a different family, and the family background, behavior or the way they communicate can be different. Therefore, teachers must be aware of these natural facts and show the humanity to the children. Since then, we can achieve our educational goals. Physical Barrier Correspondingly, body language plays a major role to provide non-verbal communication. Prominently, being responsive of our own body language as well as another persons can make communication more effective. For example, crossed arms indicate that someone is distant and possibly unfriendly, and slouching in a chair can be interpreted as not listening as well. Studies have shown that people closer to each other tend to communicate more through nonverbal means compared to people not so close to each other . Nonverbal communication often develops in relationships . Often in a relationship , more weight is given to nonverbal portion of the communication compared to the verbal portion , and in case of a conflict the nonverbal portion tends to prevail over verbal communication . It took time during the relationship to understand one another better and develop a more effective means of communication Conclusion In conclusion, effective communication take place to achieve good communication skills through verbal and nonverbal methods, one should be capable and ready to identify the combination of communication functions which may bring out success in the communication strategy or plane to be implemented. Coupled with in consideration of both verbal and non-verbal communications, they interrelate to convey meaning. Occasionally, nonverbal communication appear before verbal, but it has not been productively discussed out which of the two ways is more efficient. Therefore, both ways of communications relate in replicating, harmonizing, replacing, articulating and regulating and ensuring of the message communicated. To improve the effectiveness of communications, schools must develop an awareness of the importance of senders and receivers responsibilities and adhere to active listening skills. Reference (2010, June 18). Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/152756-ways-to-improve-oral-communication/ Allen. (n.d.). Non-verbal Communication. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communication. Retrieved from http://www.gse.au.edu/materials/Advanced_Communication/Allen.pdf Cal W, D. . (n.d.). Organizational Communication. Retrieved 2012, from http://www.books.google.mv/books?isbn=1462506607 Checher, L. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/160676-forms-of-verbal-communication/#ixzz2AaAJ7fa6 Cherry, K. (n.d.). Types of Non-V-verbal behavior. About.com Guide. Retrieved from http://www.psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication/a/nonverbalty Cherry., K. (n.d.). Types of Non-verbal Communication. About.com Guide. Retrieved from http://www.about.com guide Dr.Zimmerman. (2009, 8 15). Communication works For Those Who Work At It. Retrieved from http://www.drzimmerman.com/communication-works.php Goldhaber, G. M. (1986). Assessing Organizational Communication: Knowledge, Skills, Sensitivity.. In Funamentals of Organizational Communication. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books/about/Organizational_communication.html?id=sHdgkJ0xxtkC Grover, S. (2012). Barriers to Nonverbal Communication. eHow Contributor. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/list_7579740_barriers-nonverbal-communication.html#ixzz2Am8Bb3af Hamzah, M. Y. (2011). Importance of Communication. In P. D. Fadzil, E. U. Malaysia (Ed.), CBFC1103-Introduction To Communication (P. (. Bhd., Trans., Second Edition ed., p. 7). Meteor Doc. Sdn.Bhd. Lot 47-48 Jalan SR, 1/9, Seksyen 9, Jalan Serdang Raya, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan: Centre for Instructional Design and Technology/ Open Univercity Malaysia. Hockey-Australia-Communication-Resource-What-you-say-Matters.pdf (application/pdf Object). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.altonahc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Hockey-Australia-Communication-Resource-What-you-say-Matters.pdf Hughes, C. (2010, 6 7). verbal communication. Retrieved from www.verbal Communication.com: http://cobweb2.louisville.edu/faculty/regbruce/bruce//mgmtwebs/commun_f98/proxemics.htm Jadwick01. (2009, May). Fators That Affect Nonverbal Communication. Three Fators That Affect Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved May 2009, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Three-Factors-That-Affect-Non-Verbal-204660.html Laux, K. (n.d.). eHow Contributor. 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You have probably Come Across This Rule on a Communication1971. (A. Mehrabian, Ed.) Three Elements of Communication- and the so called 7%-38%-55% Retrieved from http://www.ecademy.com/node.php?id=78144 Mosel., S. (2010, June 18). Ways to Improve Oral Communication. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/152756-ways-to-improve-oral-communication/#ixzz2AaUlxA6V Murphy., P. (2007., 10. 7.). The Importance of Communication Skills in a Successful Life. The Importance of Communication Skills. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Importance-of-Communication-Skills-in-a-Successful-Lifeid=780306 Robbins, S. (2002). Oganizational Theory: Concepts and Cases. In Organizational Theory. Retrieved from www.rmit.edu.vn/upload/files/hn_Reserve.html Saran., S. (Dec 22, 2009). About Effective Verbal Communication. Effective Verbal Communication, 66459. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/66459-effective-verbal-communication/#ixzz2AfSmgfiR Saylor, S. (n.d.). List of Verbal Communication Types. In H. Allergies, Verbal Communication Types. Demand Media Inc. Retrieved 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/list_6038355_list-verbal-communication-types.html#ixzz2AZqjAEra Stoner, J. (1989). A Stakholder Approach to Strategic Management. NJ: Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://www.darden.virginia.edu/corporate-ethics/pdf/cv-freeman.pdf Warren Windle. (2010). Communication Skills. Office of Special Education Programs. Retrieved from http://www.directionservice.org/cadre/section4.cfm What is Non-verbal Communication. (2012, Sep 13). Retrieved from www.wisegeek.com/what-is-nonverbal-communication.htm Why Is Communication So Important? (1999, 10). Retrieved from Sudymode.com: www.studymode.com/essays/Why-Communication-So-Important-14918.html Wood, J. T. (n.d.). Interpersonal Communication. In Everyday Encounters. Canada, Nelson Education Ltd: Moncika Ekman. Retrieved from http://www.cengage.com www.csc.gov.mv/2012/05/3343. (2012, 5 1). 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rose for emily Essay -- essays research papers

Almost everyone laments how the world has changed since they were young, how everything is now faster, more complicated, and less friendly. In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," Miss Emily sees the world change in many different ways, and yet stays the same. In her case, the world she grew up in literally is gone, and she does not posses the skills to change along with it. She is a woman lost in time, with no real place among society, especially not a society who places her on a pedestal, enabling her many questionable actions. The factors of her life and the stigmas placed upon her due to those factors yield to her no choice but the actions which she chose. Miss Emily's generation grew up in a time when women were expected to get married, have children, and take care of the house. For someone of her status, this would have been the epitome of her adult life. She would be the mistress of a household, leading a life of entertaining and quiet leadership. Miss Emily, however, never married. Her father had never accepted her suitors, meeting them at the door "clutching a horsewhip." He selfishly kept her single all those years, which must have caused immense embarrassment to a woman from her era, whose whole life should have led up to her marriage. She seldom left her house after her father died, further mystifying herself to the town who watched her life from behind their lace curtains. The Civil War came and went, and Miss Emily still lived in that same house "set on what had once been [the] most select street," "lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps." Miss Emily had once belonged to the most select class, and still stubbornly maintained the image, even though she and her entire town knew the truth to be otherwise. She remained a stubborn product of her times, keeping a manservant who most likely had been with her since he had been a slave, and had stayed out of loyalty to her. She continually refused progress, not allowing them to "fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it" when the town finally got postal service. Time continued ticking on, and yet Miss Emily refused to acknowledge it. She firmly entrenched herself in denial when her father died, telling the townspeople... ...onument to her town even though they believe that "she was [a] fallen" woman. "She held her head high enough†¦it was as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity." All her life she had been denied happiness, and now she has found it. Unfortunately, this love was doomed to fail. There are too many traditions, customs, and prejudices engrained in Emily, her town, her family, and her love. Homer will not marry her. However, she has finally found love and happiness, and Miss Emily is above the law. So she poisons Homer Barron and keeps him in a room upstairs. She sleeps with him every night, his body arranged in the "attitude of an embrace," clinging to the idea of a "marriage" that she never had. She is a sad, lonely woman, and if she cannot have this one last chance at happiness, then she will keep it by force. Throughout her life the town she lived in has been her "enabler," allowing her to continue in her unhealthy habits; Emily has no reason to think that what she has done is wrong. She is simply preserving what is rightfully hers; she is holding on to some semblance of happiness that has always been denied her.